Buying Hardwood Flooring
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Buying Hardwood Flooring

Buying hardwood flooring used to be easy.  Choose oak, cherry, or walnut and then select a finish you liked.  However, today's hardwood market has become much more complex with the introduction of BR-111 and other exotic hardwoods.

 

Types of Solid Hardwood Flooring

The choices of hardwood flooring types have expanded, as well.  Once upon a time, the selection of hardwood flooring amounted to the tree-type of hardwood plank you wanted.  Various widths were seldom available, a variety of surface finishes were limited, and color choices were limited.  Today, hardwood flooring choices appear to be near limitless and this flexibility has been a primary reason for the resurgence in hardwood flooring as a key design trend.

Styles of Hardwood Flooring -

There are three predominate styles of hardwood flooring available today: Parquet (pronounced par-kay), hardwood plank flooring , and hardwood strip flooring. 

  • Parquet Flooring - Parquet has remained fairly popular throughout the Golden Lamparquet Wood Flooring (Canada)age of carpet and parquet flooring is generally square wood tiles that utilize a geometric pattern.  Parquet comes in both glue-down and nail-down options.  With the increase in popularity of laminate or engineered flooring, Parquet is experiencing a revival of sorts.  Parquet is available in multilayer, solid parquet, lamparquet (Teak - Pyinkadu - Merbau - Kempas)  and mosaics.
  • Hardwood Plank Flooring - Hardwood plank is a linear floorcovering in that the length is longer than the width is wide.  Hardwood plank can be found in various widths, although widths of 3", 4" and 5" are the most commonly found. Hardwood plank flooring comes in two primary thicknesses 1/2" and 3/4" although some variations may be found.
  • Hardwood Strip Flooring - It is difficult for most hardwood buyers to distinguish between Hardwood plank flooring and hardwood strip flooring, but the width of hardwood strip flooring is generally narrower and are generally found in 1.5" to 3" strips.  Hardwood strip flooring comes in two primary thicknesses 5/16" and 3/4" although some variations may be found. In essence, Hardwood strip is both narrower in width and smaller in thickness than hardwood plank.

 

Engineered Wood Vs. Laminate Flooring - To the novice, there is very little visual difference between these two flooring types.  The difference actually originates in the types of materials that are used to construct the material.  Engineered wood typically utilizes a combination of wood surface material and plastic laminates underneath.  Laminate flooring uses no wood products and are constructed entirely of plastic laminate materials.

Species of Hardwood

For the novice, hardwood is hardwood, but various hardwoods are tougher than other hardwoods.  The Janka Ball Rating system provides a relative hardness ranking of the various hardwoods available for hardwood flooring. This relative ranking system measures the force required to drive a .444 inch steel ball to a depth where half the janka ball is imbedded in the wood

Janka Ball Rating System
Wood SpeciesHardness Rating
Brazilian Cherry2350
Mesquite2345
Santos Mahogany2200
Merbau1925
Jarrah1910
Hickory/Pecan1820
Wenge1630
Hard Maple1450
Australian Cypress1375
White Oak1360
Ash1320
American Beech1300
Red Oak1290
Yellow Birch1260
Heart Pine1225
Black Walnut1010
Southern Yellow Pine870
Douglas Fir660

Each type of hardwood has a harness rating using a janka ball scale

 

 The Hardwood Grading System

So now you have decided on plank or strip or parquet and you like a specific species of hardwood and you arrive at the Hardwood retailer with your mind made up.  Then you learn there are several different grades of hardwood flooring.  Back to the research to decide which grade of hardwood flooring is the right choice for your needs.

There are a variety of grades, and some hardwood flooring retailers may confuse your decision by adding their own grade or by naming their own grading system. Grading is a system created by The Wood Flooring Manufacturers Association (NOFMA) to describe the appearance of hardwood floors. The grades take into account things like color, grain and markings. The best grades of wood are "clear" and "select". These woods have fewer markings and are more consistent in appearance than the "common" grades, which may have a variety of markings. The next item you should understand is the NOFMA Grading system applies to unfinished hardwood flooring only.

In shopping for hardwood, I have found names like cabin grade, contractors grade, and other names that do not fit into the description noted above.  Essentially each manufacturer is free to develop their own proprietary grading system.  This can create confusion in the market place when a consumer is performing a diligent search for hardwood flooring.  There is nothing worse than waiting for the happy day for your hardwood flooring to be installed and then finding the floor does not meet your expectations. To make matters worse, a maple flooring manufacturer may use a different grading systems than an oak manufacturer.

We have attempted to perform a thorough search of all hardwood grades available (this is impossible) and a few of the grades seem to be consistent across the board (so to speak).  The following exact definitions or descriptions have been found in numerous locations using identical wording and it is impossible to note the original source of the definition.  Our apologies to the original author.

  Hardwood Grades

Cabin Grade - Should lay a serviceable floor with unlimited amount of unfilled/unfinished open characters admitted. Unlimited sound knots with open cracks to ½", worm holes, bark pockets, open checks and splits to ¼" x 3". The face may contain the following imperfections in the finishing as bubbles, skips in the finish, lines, stain/color variations, surface handling scratches, rough finish, unlimited white grain, debris to ¼ of a piece and wood filler. The following characteristics are NOT admitted: improperly manufactured boards; shattered or rotten ends; large open knots and other unsound defects of similar nature; pieces with less than ¼ full tongue; delamination.

Waste is highly dependent upon the quality of floor desired. When installed by a professional flooring installer familiar with cabin grade grading rules, there is around a 15% waste factor.

Select & Better - This is considered top grade by some hardwood flooring manufacturers. Some color variation is normal due to grain differences, wood grain density variations, and how these hardwoods accept stain. Color difference also may vary due to differences of natural heartwood and sapwood.

Planks may range in length from 12" minimum to 72" maximum.
Minimum average length is 2 ½'.

Common Grade - contains more prominent variation in coloration than select & Better, along with some of the following characteristics.

The face of a plank may contain unlimited sound sapwood and extensive variations of the color; small burls; light brown streaks; small tight knots; broken knots or worm holes, only if properly filled; all other open characteristics to be properly filled and finished; slight imperfections in the face work (torn grain) and burns. Pieces with ½ tongue are admitted.

Planks may range in length from 9" minimum to 72" maximum.
Minimum average length is 2 ¼'.

Tavern Grade - A flooring product which contains heavy variation in coloration, along with some of the following characteristics.

The face of plank may contain unlimited burls; brown streaks; tight knots; broken knots, only if properly filled; open worm holes; all other open characteristics if properly filled and finished; imperfections in the face work (torn grain) and burns. Pieces with ½ tongue are admitted.

Planks may range in length from 9" minimum to 72" maximum.
Minimum average length is 2'.

 

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